A cryptocurrency is a medium of exchange like normal currencies such as USD, but designed for the purpose of

exchanging digital information through a process made possible by certain principles of cryptography.

Cryptography is used to secure the transactions and to control the creation of new coins.

The first cryptocurrency to be created was Bitcoin back in 2009.

Today there are hundreds of other cryptocurrencies, often referred to as Altcoins.

In another way, cryptocurrency is electricity converted into lines of code with a monetary value.

In the simplest of forms, cryptocurrency is a digital currency.

Unlike centralized banking, like the Federal Reserve System, where governments control the value of a currency,

like USD through the process of printing fiat money, government has no control over cryptocurrencies as they

are fully decentralized.

Most cryptocurrencies are designed to decrease in production over time like Bitcoin, which creates a market cap on them.

That’s different from fiat currencies where financial institutions can always create more, hence inflation.

Bitcoin will never have more than 21 million coins in circulation.

The technical system on which all cryptocurrencies are based on was created by Satoshi Nakamoto.

While hundreds of different cryptocurrency specifications exist, most are derived from one of two protocols; 

Proof-of-work or Proof-of-stake.

All cryptocurrencies are maintained by a community of cryptocurrency miners who are members of the general public

that have set up their computers or ASIC machines to participate in the validation and processing of transactions.